前些天本人选译了EIA中关于福岛改进的部分内容为进一步了解专职小组的相关建议，本人选译了《提高二十一世纪反应堆安全的建议》概述，未经授权，未经译审。本人承诺不将其用于商业目的，谨供同行参考使用。

博主微评：在该报告中NRC将福岛事故改进分为了近期可实施、中长期实施等类型，是一种比较务实的做法。

Summary of NRC's Report "Enhancing Reactor Safety in the 21st Century"

NRC报告《提高二十一世纪反应堆安全的建议》概述

By recommending a more “coherent regulatory framework for adequate protection that appropriately balances defense-in-depth and risk considerations,” the report recommends:

通过推荐一种更“关于适当平衡纵深防御和风险考虑所采取的充分保护的连续监管框架，”该报告建议：

•Requiring plants to reevaluate and upgrade as necessary their design-basis seismic and flooding protection of structures, systems and components for each operating reactor and reconfirm that design basis every 10 years;

•要求工厂重新审视和必要时升级每一座在运反应堆的设计基准地震和防洪的结构、系统和部件（SSCs），并每10年再次确认设计基准；

•Strengthening Station Black Out (SBO) mitigation capability for existing and new reactors for design-basis and beyond-design-basis natural events – such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes or tsunamis – with a rule to set minimum coping time without offsite or onsite AC power at 8 hours; establishing equipment, procedures and training to keep the core and spent fuel pool cool at least 72 hours; and preplanning and pre-staging offsite resources to be delivered to the site to support uninterrupted core and pool cooling and coolant system and containment integrity as needed;

•加强在运反应堆和新反应堆因设计基准和超设计基准事件而产生全厂失电（SBO）的缓解能力——如洪水、飓风、地震、龙卷风或海啸——采取一种规则以设定丧失8小时场外或厂内交流电源所需用的最小应对时间，建立设备、程序和培训以保持堆芯和乏燃料水池至少72小时的冷却；建立前期计划并分阶段的可运抵厂址的场外资源以支持不间断的堆芯和乏燃料水池冷却、冷却系统和安全壳的完整性的需要；

•Requiring that facility emergency plans address prolonged station blackouts and events involving multiple reactors;

•要求设施应急计划能够处理长期全厂失电和涉及多座反应堆的事故；

•Requiring additional instrumentation and seismically protected systems to provide additional cooling water to spent fuel pools if necessary; and requiring at least one system of electrical power to operate spent fuel pool instrumentation and pumps at all times. The Task Force noted it will take some time for a full understanding of the sequence of events and condition of the spent fuel pools. The report said based on information available to date the two most cogent insights related to the availability of pool instrumentation and the plant’s capability for cooling and water inventory management;

•要求如果必要，增加仪器和地震保护系统以向乏燃料水池提供额外的冷却水，并且至少需要电源系统中有一路来在任何时刻维持乏燃料水池仪表和泵运行。专责小组指出，充分认识乏燃料池的事件和状态序列需要一些时间。报告说，采取电厂冷却和水存量管理方法是识别电厂容量和（冷却）水池仪表有效性相关的的两个最有说服力的见解。

•Requiring reliable hardened vent designs in boiling water reactors (BWRs) with Mark I and Mark II containments;

•要求采用马克I和马克II型安全壳的沸水反应堆采取可靠的硬排气系统设计；

•Strengthening and integrating onsite emergency response capabilities such as emergency operating procedures, severe accident management guidelines and extensive damage mitigation guidelines;

•加强和整合现场应急反应能力，如应急操作规程、严重事故管理导则和广泛的减灾指南；

•Identifying, as part of the longer term review, insights about hydrogen control and mitigation inside containment or in other buildings as more is learned about the Fukushima accident;

•作为长期审查（行动）的一部分，如同福岛核事故所学（教训）一样，识别对容器内或其他建筑物内的控制和削减氢气（浓度）；

•Evaluating, as part of the longer term review, potential enhancements to prevent or mitigate seismically induced fires or floods;

•作为长期审查（行动）的一部分，评价防止或减轻地震引起的火灾或洪水的潜在强化（点）；

•Pursuing, as part of the longer term review, additional emergency preparedness topics related to SBO and multiunit events;

•作为长期审查的（行动）一部分，追求针对全厂失电（SBO）和复合事件有关的额外的应急准备重点；

•Pursuing, as part of the longer term review, emergency preparedness topics on decision making, radiation monitoring and public education;

•作为长期审查（行动）的一部分，追求在决策、辐射监督和公众教育方面的应急准备重点；

•Strengthened regulatory oversight of plant safety performance – the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process by which plants are monitored on a daily basis – by focusing more attention on defense-in-depth requirements.

•通过集中关注纵深防御要求的办法，加强对电厂安全性能监管者的监督——NRC的反应堆监督过程是基于每天对电厂的监督基础上。

The report also acknowledged work on flooding and seismic issues under way at the NRC before the March 11 Fukushima event. The short-term review will be followed by a longer term review with a report with recommendations

该报告还确认在3.11福岛事故前NRC在洪水和地震问题所做的工作。短期审查之后会有一个长期的检讨与建议的报告。

美国核电福岛改进行动：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_55e07e640101j5md.html。